Our body is made up of innumerable cells and the genes inside the nucleus of every cell tell him when they have to grow, work, divide and die. When our cells properly follow all these instructions, we remain healthy. But when there is a change in our DNA or damage it, the gene can be mutated. Mutated genes do not work properly. Because of this, cells can grow uncontrollably, which can cause cancer.
What is cancer, how can cancer start? How cancer spreads in the body How Cancer Starts, Grows and Spreads
How does cancer start in the body? (How does cancer start in the body?)
Cells of our body (cells) are usually only growing and divided when the body needs them, such as aging or replacing damaged cells. Cancer begins when the cells of the body begin to grow uncontrollably and spread, making a tumor. Cancer occurs when cells do not die normally and changes their growth genes that control their growth.
How does cancer grow? (How cancer grows?)
In cancer cells, the gene mutation can prevent the cell from following the normal instructions, making the cell uncontrolled or when it should die when it should die. Cancer in the body can increase because cancer cells work differently than normal cells.
Cancer cells are different from normal cells:
- They divide uncontrollably.
- They are immature and do not develop in mature cells.
- They avoid the immune system.
- They ignore those signs that prevent them from dividing or instruct them to die.
- They do not stick together well and can spread to other parts of the body through a blood or lymphatic system.
- These can damage tissues and organs.
As cancer cells divide, a tumor starts developing. The needs of cancer cells are similar to normal cells. They also need oxygen and nutrients to grow and stay alive. A small tumor can easily grow, as it gives oxygen and nutrients from the surrounding blood vessels.
But as the tumor grows, it needs more blood to transport oxygen and other nutrients to cancer cells. Therefore, cancer cells send signs to the tumor to create new blood vessels. It is called angio genesis and is one of the reasons for the growth and growing tumor.
How does cancer spreads in the body? (How does cancer spread in the body?)
As the tumor grows large, cancer cells can spread to the surrounding tissue and structure by putting pressure on the normal tissue around the tumor. Cancer cell enzymes are also made which break the normal cell and tissue when they grow. Cancer in the surrounding tissue is called local invasion or invasive cancer.
From where cancer started, it can also spread to other parts of the body. This process is called metastasis.
Where can the cancer spread? (Where cancer can spores?)
Cancer can spread anywhere in the body, but its lymph nodes, bones, brain, liver and lungs are the most likely to spread in the lungs.
Why does the cancer sometimes return? (Why does cancer sometimes come back?)
Cancer sometimes comes back after treatment. Actually, if a cancer cell also remains in the body, it can grow and divide into many cells and become a new tumor. This is the reason that doctors sometimes do another treatment immediately after the first treatment, such as also giving chemotherapy after surgery. This is called Adjuvant Therapy. The purpose of this therapy is to reduce the possibility of cancer coming back.
Sometimes in some cases, treatment stops working, which means that cancer cells are no longer destroyed. Therefore, the cancer that was previously shrinking or disappeared due to treatment, it starts growing again.
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